What are the different types of diabetes? What you need to know?

Diabetes is a health condition where your body has trouble controlling its blood sugar levels. Normally, your body uses a hormone called insulin to help move sugar from the blood into cells, where it's used for energy. However, with diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use it effectively. This leads to higher-than-normal blood sugar levels, which, if not managed, can cause serious health problems over time, such as heart disease, kidney issues, and nerve damage.

Facts about diabetes:

• Globally, diabetes affects approximately 537 million adults, representing around 10% of the adult population.

• Projections indicate that this number will surge to 643 million by 2030, accounting for roughly 12.5% of adults worldwide.

• Half of all adults with diabetes remain unaware of their condition, highlighting a significant gap in diagnosis and treatment.

• Among seniors aged 65 and older, one-fifth are living with diabetes, making it a significant health concern for this age group.

• Worldwide, diabetes ranks as the seventh leading cause of mortality, emphasizing its profound impact on global health.

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Types of Diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes (LADA- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

What it is: LADA is a form of Type 1 diabetes that develops in adults. It's characterized by a slow progression from insulin resistance to insulin deficiency, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Who gets it: LADA typically affects adults, often after age 30.

Treatment: Insulin therapy is necessary to manage LADA. Because it's often misdiagnosed as Type 2 diabetes, it's essential to work with a healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Type 2 Diabetes

What it is: Type 2 diabetes is a condition where the body's cells don't respond well to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. As a result, sugar builds up in the blood.

Who gets it? Type 2 diabetes typically affects adults over 45, but nowadays, it's becoming more common in younger people too, mainly because of our modern lifestyle.

Treatment Managing Type 2 diabetes is easier than you think! To take control, focus on making a few simple lifestyle changes. Start by eating a healthy, balanced diet that's rich in whole foods. Daily exercise and take insulin therapy to help regulate your blood sugar levels.

Gestational diabetes 

What is it? Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that happens during pregnancy. It's caused by changes in hormones and insulin, which can make blood sugar levels go up.

Who Gets It? Gestational diabetes can affect any pregnant woman, but some are more likely to get it. This includes women over 35, those who are overweight, and those with a family history of diabetes. 

How to Manage It? To manage gestational diabetes, eat healthy foods and exercise regularly.

Secondary Diabetes

What it is: Secondary diabetes is like a domino effect, where another medical condition or treatment causes insulin production to falter.

Who gets it: Secondary diabetes can affect anyone, regardless of age, due to various underlying conditions or treatments.

Treatment: Managing the underlying condition and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help control secondary diabetes.

MODY (Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young)

What it is: MODY is like a genetic puzzle piece that doesn't fit. It's a rare form of diabetes caused by genetic mutations that affect insulin production.

Who gets it: MODY typically affects young adults, usually before age 25.

Treatment: Lifestyle changes or oral medications may be sufficient, but insulin therapy may be necessary in some cases.

 Prediabetes

What it is: Prediabetes is like a warning sign on the road to diabetes. Blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes.

Who gets it: Prediabetes can affect anyone, regardless of age.

Treatment: Lifestyle changes like healthy eating and exercise can often reverse prediabetes and prevent it from progressing to full-blown diabetes.

What is CGM?

CGM is a tiny sensor inserted under your skin that measures glucose levels in your interstitial fluid. It sends data to a receiver or your smartphone, giving you a constant picture of your glucose levels and helping you make informed decisions about your diet, exercise, and medication.

How CGM Works

1. Small sensor: Inserted under the skin, measuring glucose levels.

2. Transmitter: Sends data to a receiver or smartphone.

3. Real-time data: Tracks glucose levels every 5-15 minutes.

Benefits of CGM

1. Improved glucose control

2. Increased awareness of glucose fluctuations

3. Enhanced insulin management

4. Reduced hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

5. Better overall health

Who Can Use CGM?

1. Type 1 Diabetes: CGM is recommended for all individuals.

2. Type 2 Diabetes: CGM may be beneficial for those using insulin or experiencing hypoglycemia.

Diabetes is a complex and multifaceted condition, with different types requiring unique approaches to management. From Type 1 to Prediabetes, understanding the specifics of each type is crucial for effective care. CGM technology offers a powerful solution for monitoring glucose levels and optimizing treatment plans. By staying informed and leveraging available tools, individuals with diabetes can navigate their condition with confidence and achieve better health outcomes.